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The Cossack Hetmanate ((ウクライナ語:Гетьманщина, ''Het’manshchyna'')), officially known as the Rus State or Zaporizhian Host (Військо Запорозьке, ''Viys’kо Zaporoz’kе''), is an adopted name in historiography for the Ukrainian Cossack state on the territory of Dnieper Ukraine and Siveria that existed between 1649 and 1764 when it was converted into the Russian imperial province of Little Russia (Malorossiya). The Cossack Hetmanate was founded by the Ukrainian hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky during the Uprising of 1648–57. In 1654, it signed a military alliance with the Tsardom of Russia during the Council of Pereyaslav, while being a constituency of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Later the documents of the treaty (articles) were rewritten numerous times for reorganization purposes at every election of the new hetman. A regional referendum concluded the fall of the region under the protection of the Russian monarchy that guaranteed the sovereignty of the region in the fight against the Polish Crown. The Treaty of Andrusovo of 1667, however, was conducted without any representation from the Cossack Hetmanate and concluded the borders between the Polish and Russian states, dividing the Hetmanate in half along the Dnieper. This division caused a civil war in the Ukraine between various parties of Cossacks that lasted till the end of the 17th century. Already in December of 1662 the government of Russia established the Little Russian prikaz as part a department of the Polish prikaz. In the 18th century the territory of the Hetmanate was limited to Left-bank Ukraine with its capital in Baturyn. Russian forces sacked Baturyn during the Great Northern War and redesignated the new hetman residence to Hlukhiv, while the whole area was included into the Government of Kiev. Catherine II of Russia officially abolished the autonomy of the Zaporizhian Host, as well as the Volgian Cossacks Host, in 1764.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Decree on the establishment of provinces and cities of rospisanii (Google translation) )〕 The Cossack Hetmanate was subsequently split between the Governments of Kiev and Malorossiya. The Hetmanate consisted of the territory of the modern-day central Ukraine and a small part of Russia (former Starodub region of Chernigov Governorate). Specifically, its territory included provinces of Chernihiv, Poltava, and Sumy (without the southeastern portion), the left-bank territories of Kiev and Cherkasy, as well as the western portion of Bryansk Oblast of Russia. The lands of the Zaporizhian Host had a certain degree of self-government with their own administration. ==Name== The official name of the Cossack Hetmanate was Zaporizhian Host ((ウクライナ語:Військо Запорозьке, ''Viys’kо Zaporoz’kе'')). Its inhabitants referred to it in Ukrainian as "Ukraine" or "Vkraine". In Muscovite diplomatic correspondence it was called the Little Russian State ((ロシア語:Малороссийское государство, ''Malorossiiskoe gosudarstvo''));〔(Encyclopedia of Ukraine ) 〕 in Polish, Ottoman, and Arab sources - as Ukraine or Cossakia. The historiographic term Hetmanate ((ウクライナ語:Гетьманщина, ''Het’manshchyna'')) was coined in the late 19th century. It derives from the word ''hetman'', the title of the general of the Zaporizhian Army. The founder of the Hetmanate, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, declared himself as the ruler of the Rus' state to the Polish representative Adam Kysil in February 1649. He also called the Hetmanate as Rus' state ((ウクライナ語:Государство Російське, Hosudarstvo Rosiyske)) in his letter to the Tsar on February 17, 1654. His contemporary Metropolitan Sylvestr Kosiv recognized him as ''the leader and the commander of our land''. In his letter to C. Şerban (1657) he referred to himself as ''Clementiae divinae Generalis Dux Exercituum Zaporoviensium''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cossack Hetmanate」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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